硼
掺杂剂
星团(航天器)
化学物理
兴奋剂
材料科学
转化(遗传学)
过渡金属
硼酚
结晶学
纳米技术
计算化学
化学
计算机科学
光电子学
有机化学
催化作用
基因
生物化学
程序设计语言
作者
Sudip Pan,Gabriel Merino
摘要
In the last decades, experimental techniques in conjunction with theoretical analyses have revealed the surprising structural diversity of boron clusters. Although the 2D to 3D transition thresholds are well-established, there is no certainty about the factors that determine the geometry adopted by these systems. The structural transformation induced by doping usually yields a minimum energy structure with a boron skeleton entirely different from that of the bare cluster. This review summarizes those clusters no larger than 40 boron atoms where one or two dopants show a radical transformation of the structure. Although the structures of these systems are not easy to predict, they often adopt familiar shapes such as umbrella-like, wheel, tubular, and cages in various cases.
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