The results of complex structural investigation by XRD, TEM, and Mössbauer spectroscopy of nanomaterials based on iron oxides Fe 3 O 4 and γ-Fe 2 O 3 are presented. The investigated nanomaterials include nanopowders produced chemically and nanostructural powders produced mechanochemically. The magnetic properties of the nanomaterials, measured at ambient temperature, are discussed.