生物
平衡
共生
微生物学
受体
先天免疫系统
功能(生物学)
伤亡人数
寄主(生物学)
Toll样受体
细胞生物学
免疫学
免疫系统
肠粘膜
细菌
生态学
遗传学
内科学
医学
作者
Seth Rakoff-Nahoum,Justin C. Paglino,Fatima Eslami-Varzaneh,Stephen C. Edberg,Ruslan Medzhitov
出处
期刊:Cell
[Elsevier]
日期:2004-07-01
卷期号:118 (2): 229-241
被引量:3815
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002
摘要
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in host defense against microbial infection. The microbial ligands recognized by TLRs are not unique to pathogens, however, and are produced by both pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. It is thought that an inflammatory response to commensal bacteria is avoided due to sequestration of microflora by surface epithelia. Here, we show that commensal bacteria are recognized by TLRs under normal steady-state conditions, and this interaction plays a crucial role in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Furthermore, we find that activation of TLRs by commensal microflora is critical for the protection against gut injury and associated mortality. These findings reveal a novel function of TLRs—control of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and protection from injury—and provide a new perspective on the evolution of host-microbial interactions.
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