In this article,the advantages and disadvantages of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy were compared with the traditional lithotomy in general.Then the importance of the ideal anesthetic program for percutaneous nephrolithotomy was pointed out,and the advantages and disadvantages of the general anesthesia or the intraspinal anesthesia used for percutaneous nephrolithotomy were analyzed sufficiently.Finally,the authors thought deeply about how to choose the optimum anesthetic programs for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.