The anticancer drug Camptothecin(CPT) and Hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT) were detected in Ophiorrhiza japonica by high-performance liquid chromatogram(HPLC).The discovery of CPT and HCPT in such a Chinese traditional herb might provide a new approach to produce CPT and HCPT,which also served as an alternative model experimental system for studying CPT biosynthesis and even improving CPT content by genetic engineering in the future.