Reference model for the development of prototypes based on C-K theory

Developing prototypes for new products or processes requires interdisciplinary knowledge and complex management. Early-stage development promotes creative thinking and innovation, offering companies significant advantages. The C-K Theory formalises creative thinking by integrating the independent spaces of concepts (C) and knowledge (K), which are independent and present different logical structures. This work proposes a reference model for engineering prototype development based on C-K Theory, utilising Design Science Research methodology. The process began with an initial phase of literature analysis, followed by the proposal of the model, and concluded with its evaluation. The method was evaluated through its use in two different real industrial cases. The results were qualitative in nature, but the method helped define project phases, team roles and design objectives, fostering creativity and knowledge generation. The method leveraged existing knowledge in one case and focused on a new baseboard configuration in the other, resulting in significant cost reductions and accelerated project delivery. The method reduced manufacturing costs, improved design accuracy and minimised delays. However, it requires advanced participant expertise and is less structured than traditional methods. We conclude that the method is user-friendly, aids systematic project development, and enhances knowledge management by recording and correlating information.