Bempedoic Acid's Chemistry, Pharmacological Characteristics and Bioanalytical Techniques: An Updated Review

Background: Elevated blood cholesterol has been established as a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Adults with hyperlipidemia have a significantly increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). First-line treatments for hyperlipidemia include statins, which help raise HDL-C levels in cases of severe and familial hypercholesterolemia and decrease LDL-C and TG levels. Numerous adverse effects on muscles have been associated with statins, such as asymptomatic elevations in blood creatine kinase activity and potentially fatal rhabdomyolysis. Non-statin drugs are advised for people whose very high cardiovascular risk or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia make statin therapy insufficient. A novel lipid-lowering medication with a distinct mode of action is bempedoic acid. Elevated blood cholesterol is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Individuals with hyperlipidemia are at a higher risk for developing cardiovascular diseases. Statins are the primary treatment for hyperlipidemia, raising HDL-C levels and lowering LDL-C and TG levels. However, statins can adversely affect muscles, including muscle-related complications like increased blood creatine kinase activity and rhabdomyolysis. Therefore, nonstatin drugs may be recommended for individuals. Bempedoic acid is a brand-new, first-in-class, oral small molecule that inhibits cholesterol manufacturing like statins, consequently reducing lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) through activating LDL receptors. Methods: This study offers helpful information on how to utilize bempedoic acid to decrease LDLC, as well as recommendations for which individuals could benefit and safety monitoring tips during therapy. A novel family of drugs called bempedoic acid is identified as a prodrug that becomes bempedoyl- CoA in the liver via an enzyme called very longchain consisting of acyl-CoA synthetase 1. Bempedoic acid can control cholesterol metabolism. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels appeared to be dramatically reduced by bempedoic acid, according to clinical investigations. The toleration of bempedoic acid was good. Results: A cardiovascular outcomes trial is now evaluating bempedoic acid to determine its impact on major cardiovascular events in patients with or at high risk for cardiovascular disease and statin intolerance. Conclusion: This review describes the chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, analytical potential, and safety of bempedoic acid. Bempedoic acid is an effective and often well-tolerated drug used to further reduce LDL-C levels in patients taking the maximum dosage of tolerated statins or to control LDL-C levels in persons who can not take statins. The results of the clear Outcomes research, which is looking into whether bempedoic acid might reduce the frequency of serious cardiovascular events, are expected in 2025.