Biochar-based nanocomposites from waste biomass: a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment and renewable bioenergy

The study emphasizes the significance of biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) in tackling waste management challenges and developing valuable materials for environmental remediation and energy generation. BNCs have enhanced adsorption and catalytic properties by incorporating nanoparticles into a charcoal matrix, offering a dual benefit for waste treatment and environmental preservation. Using waste biomass for BNC production repurposes resources and reduces the ecological impact of waste disposal. This study also addresses the existing research gaps and uncertainties hindering the widespread use of biochar and BNCs. After almost a decade of extensive research, it is crucial to address and fill the gaps in knowledge, such as long-term impacts, carbon sequestration rates, potential deforestation and economic viability. Thoroughly analyzing the entire system and establishing adaptable governance is need to realize the full benefits of BNCs. This article discusses the urgent need for sustainable technology and solutions to solve global concerns, including waste management, water quality, soil health, climate change and renewable energy. Its aim is to improve existing research by providing a comprehensive overview of the potential of biochar and BNCs in achieving sustainability objectives. It also identifies research gaps and challenges that must be addressed, directing future research directions. It extensively reviews biochar-based nanocomposites derived from waste biomass as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment and renewable bioenergy. The constraints and future research directions have been highlighted, offering essential perspectives on the potential of biochar and BNCs in addressing global sustainability issues.