Recent advances in single fluorescent probes for monitoring dual organelles in two channels

Organelles are specialized areas where cells perform specific processes necessary for life and actively communicate with each other to keep the whole cell functioning. Disorders of the organelle networks are associated with multiple pathological processes. However, clearly and intuitively visualizing the highly dynamic interactions between ultrafine organelles is challenging. Fluorescence imaging technology provides opportunities due to the distinct advantages of facile, non-invasiveness and dynamic detection, making it particularly well-suited for applications in uncovering the mysterious veil of organelle interactions. Regrettably, the lack of ideal fluorescence agents has always been an obstacle in imaging the intricate behaviors of organelles. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion on the existing dual-color and dual-targetable molecular sensors used in monitoring organelle interactions, with a specific focus on their targeting strategies, imaging mechanisms and biological applications. Additionally, the current limitations and future development directions of dual-targetable probes and dual-emissives are briefly discussed. This review aims to provide guidance for researchers to develop more improved probes for studying organelle interactions in the biomedical field.