白质
高强度
神经科学
萎缩
病态的
脑老化
额叶
衰老的大脑
大脑结构与功能
心理学
认知
医学
磁共振成像
病理
放射科
作者
Mingxi Dang,Feng Sang,Sam Long,Yaojing Chen
标识
DOI:10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_7
摘要
The normal aging process brings changes in brain structure, function, and energy metabolism, which are presumed to contribute to the age-related decline in brain function and cognitive ability. This chapter aims to summarize the aging patterns of brain structure, function, and energy metabolism to distinguish them from the pathological changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases and explore protective factors in aging. We first described the normal atrophy pattern of cortical gray matter with age, which is negatively affected by some neurodegenerative diseases and is protected by a healthy lifestyle, such as physical exercise. Next, we summarized the main types of age-related white matter lesions, including white matter atrophy and hyperintensity. Age-related white matter changes mainly occurred in the frontal lobe, and white matter lesions in posterior regions may be an early sign of Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, the relationship between brain activity and various cognitive functions during aging was discussed based on electroencephalography, magnetoencephalogram, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. An age-related reduction in occipital activity is coupled with increased frontal activity, which supports the posterior–anterior shift in aging (PASA) theory. Finally, we discussed the relationship between amyloid-β deposition and tau accumulation in the brain, as pathological manifestations of neurodegenerative disease and aging.
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