Antiangiogenic treatment facilitates the abscopal effect of radiotherapy combined with Anti-PD-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Metastasis is one of the most important factors contributing to poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Radiotherapy (RT), along with its induced abscopal effect, is a promising treatment for metastatic patients. However, the incidence of abscopal effect in clinical practice is rare, even when RT is combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this study, we aim to investigate the role of antiangiogenic treatment on the abscopal effect induced by RT + ICIs.