Phenanthrene removal from soil washing eluent by Bacillus subtilis embedded in alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose-diatomite beads

). Characterization results revealed that the immobilized substrate provided the micro-environment for bacteria and reduced the intense effect of high rhamnolipid concentration. Reusability results showed that SCD beads could be recycled four times to remove 80.05% of PHE. Collectively, SCD beads have great prospects for the decontamination of soil-washing eluent containing complex components.