GALLIC ACID ANALYSIS BY HIGH-RESOLUTION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ON REVERSE PHASES IN RASPBERRY FLOWER EXTRACT (Rubus idaeus L.)

Gallic acid is a phenolic acid widely spread in various plants, where it is present either in free form or as part of tannins, called gallotannins. It shows several positive effects on human health. It has different biological effects: antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Many scientists are showing great interest in gallic acid precisely because of its antitumor effect. The content of gallic acid was determined in (Rubus idaeus L.) Polka raspberry by applying reverse-phase high-resolution liquid chromatography on reverse phases on Shimadzu Prominence Modular HPLC with UV/Vis detector, mobile phase degasser, pump, autosampler, and column oven. The analysis was performed in ethanolic extracts of Polka raspberry flower obtained by the Soxhlet extraction and the ultrasonic methods. Raspberry flowers (Rubus idaeus L.) Polka varieties were collected from two different localities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely: Starposle near Kakanj and Moševac near Maglaj. Gallic acid was determined in all analyzed samples of Polka raspberry. The highest gallic acid content was determined in the extract of Polka raspberry flower from the Maglaj-Moševac site, using the ultrasonic method (0.1789%), and the smallest in the Polka raspberry flower from the Kakanj Starposle site, using Soxhlet extraction (0.0995%). The proportion of gallic acid was higher in the extract of Polka raspberry flower from the Maglaj-Moševac site, which suggests that these flowers of Polka variety are recommended as better natural sources of this phenolic acid and that ultrasonic extraction has proven to be a more efficient method for extraction of gallic acid in ethanolic extracts, which is the goal of research.