Dupilumab for atopic dermatitis in patients with malignancies: a case report and literature review on efficacy, safety and potential mechanisms

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent inflammatory skin disease marked by intense rash and itching. Traditional treatments for moderate-to-severe AD, such as methotrexate, often cause significant side-effects. Dupilumab, a biologic therapy that inhibits the interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 cytokines, presents a safer alternative. A comprehensive literature review corroborates the safety and effectiveness of dupilumab in patients with AD with cancer. However, the current evidence is limited, necessitating further research. Dupilumab's targeted mechanism, acting on IL-4 and IL-13, may also positively influence the tumour microenvironment, potentially boosting antitumour responses. Future studies should focus on assessing the long-term safety, efficacy and economic viability of dupilumab across larger and more diverse populations to better understand its dual role in managing both cancer and AD.