Biomass Gasification for Sustainable Energy Production: Effect of Operational Parameters on Product Gas

The increasing demand for energy, reliance on fossil fuels, heightened environmental concerns, and the political commitments established in the Paris Climate Agreement drive the pursuit of new energy sources that are more sustainable and compatible with environmental protection. Biomass has emerged as a primary renewable energy resource, offering significant advantages in terms of its diversity, availability, and sustainability for meeting energy needs in heating, electricity generation, and biofuel production for transportation, among other applications. Various strategies have been explored for effectively utilizing biomass, ranging from biological to thermochemical conversion methods. Gasification is a thermochemical process recognized as one of the most effective methods for energy recovery from biomass, producing syngas primarily composed of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4). Currently, various parameters influencing the yield of product gas and the performance of the gasifier have garnered significant attention from researchers. This paper aims to review the theory and process of biomass gasification, including the different types of gasifiers. It compiles key operational and performance parameters of the gasification process, as well as their influence on gasification conditions and products. This approach seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of hydrogen-rich syngas production based on current technologies and industrial/commercialization pathways.