CRISPR/Cas Multiplexed Biosensing: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein systems are renowned for their high sensitivity and specificity, enabling them as a powerful diagnostic toolbox. Multiplexed detection of panels of targets, as opposed to single targets, is imperative for reliable and conclusive disease diagnostics. However, multiplex application of the CRISPR/Cas system has long been hindered by indistinguishable signals from specific targets due to nonspecific chaotic trans-cleavage. To make a breakthrough, substantial efforts have been devoted to CRISPR/Cas-powered multiplexed biosensing strategies, which consequently experienced rapid development over the past five years. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in CRISPR/Cas multiplexed detection encompassing Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13. Key focus issues include multiplex biosensing strategies and their respective advantages and limitations, sensing mechanisms, and detection performance of novel validated examples. Finally, the status and challenges of CRISPR/Cas multiplexed biosensing are critically discussed, and future outlooks are proposed for their potential practical application. This Perspective aims to inspire significant research and promote the development of the next generation of CRISPR/Cas multiplexed biosensing.