Methane dry reforming: A catalyst challenge awaits

Methane dry reforming (DRM) presents a compelling technology for converting abundant natural gas into valuable syngas, a versatile intermediate for clean fuels and chemicals. However, unlocking the full potential of DRM hinges on overcoming significant catalyst limitations. DRM catalysts often suffer from low activity, selectivity issues, and rapid deactivation caused by carbon deposition. This review comprehensively analyzes the landscape of catalyst development for DRM. We explore the fundamental reaction mechanisms and factors influencing catalyst performance. We then delve into established catalyst materials, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Particular emphasis is placed on promising new materials like metal carbide/phosphide, bimetallic, and promoted catalysts with their exceptional thermal stability, favorable electronic properties, and unique reaction cycles that mitigate coking. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in catalyst design, focusing on strategies to enhance activity, selectivity, and coke resistance. By identifying key research directions and future opportunities, this review aims to guide the development of next-generation catalysts that will render DRM a more viable and sustainable technology.