Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as a transformative technology in the fields of bioelectronics, wearable sensors, and neuromorphic computing due to their high transconductance, low operating voltage, and excellent biocompatibility. This focus issue brings together a collection of cutting-edge research articles that address key challenges and advancements in OECT materials, device architectures, stability, and functional applications. The contributions highlight progress in molecular design and vertical OECTs, enzyme-integrated biosensors, device lifetime prediction, and multifunctional sensing platforms, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions of OECT technology.