Enhancing Nutrient Composition and Bioavailability in Common Beans Using Combined Zinc and Iron Fertilizers

Objective: This investigation aims to elucidate the potential of nutraceuticals as a therapeutic modality for depression by enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) using specific solid dispersion techniques. Methods: Solid Withania somnifera and Valeriana officinalis dispersions were prepared via hot melt extrusion and solvent evaporation. These processes increased the aqueous solubility of Ashwagandha by 3.2-fold (from 44.2 μg/mL to 142 μg/mL). An optimal 1:2 drugto- hydrotropic agent ratio was selected based on comprehensive DSC, PXRD, and FTIR characterisation, indicating partial amorphisation and effective molecular interactions with β-cyclodextrin. The resulting solid dispersion was incorporated into nutraceutical gummies, formulated using type B gelatin, high-methoxyl pectin, and food-grade guar gum via a standardized molding process. The antidepressant efficacy of these gummies was assessed in murine models using the Forced Swim Test, with quantitative evaluation of changes in immobility time and climbing behavior. Results: The solid dispersion methodology significantly enhanced Ashwagandha’s solubility (3.2-fold increase). In the Forced Swim Test, animals treated with the gummy formulation exhibited a 40% reduction in immobility time and a 35% increase in climbing activity compared to controls, indicating a robust antidepressant effect. Conclusion: This study presents a novel nutraceutical approach to managing depression. By optimizing the solubility and bioavailability of key herbal constituents through advanced solid dispersion techniques, the gummy formulation offers a promising alternative or adjunctive treatment for depressive disorders. conclusion: These results suggest that increased Zn and Fe applications enhance nutrient bioavailability.