Lead Sequestration in Perovskite Photovoltaic Device Encapsulated with Water-Proof and Adhesive Poly(ionic liquid)

The inevitable usage of toxic lead impedes the commercialization of lead halide perovskite solar cells, especially considering lead ions potentially unseals from the discarded and damaged devices and consequently contaminates the environment. In this work, we proposed a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) cohered sandwich structure (PCSS) to realize lead sequestration in perovskite solar cells by a water-proof and adhesive poly([1-(3-propionic acid)-3-vinylimidazolium] bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (PPVI-TFSI). A transparent ambidextrous protective shield manufactured from PPVI-TFSI was achieved and applied in lead sequestration for perovskite solar cells. PCSS provides robustness and water-resistance, which improves device stability toward water erosion and extreme situations (such as acid, base, salty water, and hot water). PPVI-TFSI exhibited excellent affinity toward lead with adsorption capacity of 516 mg·g-1, which assisted to prevent lead leakage in abandoned devices as proved in the test of wheat germination vividly. PCSS provides a promising solution for complex lead sequestration and management issues, which contribute to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.