Multi‐Scale Design of Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Materials for Energy Electrocatalysis

Abstract The development of advanced energy conversion systems such as fuel cells and electrolyzers with desirable efficiency and durability is of great significance in order to power society in a sustainable way, which highly depends on the fabrication of electrocatalysts with desirable electrochemical performance. Multi‐scale design of electrocatalysts from the atomic scale to device‐scale is crucial to achieve optimal overall electrochemical performance in terms of activity, selectivity, and durability. Benefitting from their highly diverse and tunable structures and compositions, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising platforms to design and synthesize electrocatalysts at multiple scales for energy electrocatalysis. Herein, the fundamental principles and recent progress in multi‐scale design of MOF‐derived materials from the aspects of active sites, interfaces, pore structures, and morphologies are summarized. Moreover, precise control of these variables, to meet the requirements of specific energy‐related reactions including oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), and N 2 reduction reaction is critically discussed. Furthermore, challenges and future research directions in multi‐scale design and fabrication of MOF‐derived electrocatalysts for real‐world energy conversion applications are provided.