The origin of heavy element doping to relieve the lattice thermal vibration of layered materials for high energy density Li ion cathodes

We report an effective strategy to inhibit the phase transition of LiCoO₂ from hexagonal layered to cubic spinel during delithiation. The small thermal vibration amplitude of the Sn dopant helps pin the lattice vibration, stabilizing CoO₆ octahedra during charge/discharge.