The kinetics investigation of nitrogen/sulfur co-doped reduced graphene oxide@spinel SnFe2O4/Sn0.205Fe1.727O3 as high performance anode for lithium-ion batteries and its application in full cells

A novel N/S co-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composited with spinel SnFe2O4/Sn0.205Fe1.727O3 ([email protected]) is synthesized as a new anode for Lithium ion batteris (LIBs). The [email protected] anode showed a remarkably high charge/discharge capacity of 527/529 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 6 A g−1 in half-cell and a high charge capacity of 430 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1.4 A g−1 in full-cell configurations. The excellent performance of [email protected] is due to the heteroatom co-doping of N and S on reduced graphene oxide can enhance the electronic conductivity, control huge volume expansion/contraction and maintain the structural stability of SFO. The kinetics investigation indicates that the combination of N/S co-doped rGO with SFO exhibited high surface pseudocapacitive behavior and possesses lower activation energies both for the Li-ion transfer in the solid electrolyte interphase film and the charge transfer in the material than pure SFO. Such intrinsic quality makes [email protected] composites promising anode material for high performance LIBs.