Immunomodulatory Effects of Topical Ophthalmic Tofacitinib (Cp-690,550) in Dry Eye Disease

Ocular surface inflammation is thought to play a key role in dry eye pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. Multiple inflammatory cytokines signal through intracellular janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways. Tofacitinib (CP-690,550), a potent and selective inhibitor of JAKs, has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the US and is in clinical development for the treatment of other autoimmune diseases. Topical ophthalmic tofacitinib was evaluated and has shown immunomodulatory activity in reducing ocular surface inflammation in dry eye, thus, has the potential to improve ocular surface health in dry eye.