The Operational Amplifier

A voltage-derived shunt feedback amplifier as outlined in section 5.3 is used as the operational amplifier since the amplifier parameters are least disturbed by the feedback components with this mode of connection. The gain of the operational amplifier is −Z f/Z s and a variety of applications exist with suitable components substituted for Z f and Z s, which are described in chapter 7. The design and construction of the operational amplifier is described in this chapter associated with both the discrete component and integrated circuit types.