A review on porous ceramics with hierarchical pore structure by 3D printing-based combined route

In recent years, with the continuous progress of 3D printing technology, as well as the limitations of traditional preparation methods of porous ceramics, an increasing number of studies on the combination of traditional porous ceramic preparation methods and 3D printing technology for designing and preparing hierarchical porous ceramics with both macropores and micropores have been reported. This is an innovation in the design concept for the manufacturing of porous ceramics. This review focuses on the latest advances in porous ceramics prepared by combined methods, including traditional methods and 3D printing technology, and discusses the design concept and printing process of porous ceramics and the properties of porous ceramics. Case studies of different combination technologies are compared, and the technical features of the combined technologies are summarized. According to the success factors of existing combination technologies, the feasibility of combining traditional porous ceramic preparation methods with different 3D printing technologies is analyzed.