Research progress of MXene-based composite phase change materials in thermal management: a review

Phase change materials (PCMs) function as effective carriers for thermoelectric conversion and energy storage, representing one of the most practical media for enhancing energy efficiency. Developing multifunctional phase change materials that integrate energy storage, thermal management, wearable functionality, and electromagnetic shielding capabilities is imperative for revolutionizing electronic facilities and regenerative energy systems, thereby addressing the escalating demands for high-performance, space-efficient thermal management systems. However, low thermal conductivity and the intrinsic hazard of liquid leakage have historically limited the broad adoption of PCMs. Recent research has identified MXenes as a promising candidate for thermal storage benefiting from their exceptional two-dimensional (2D) nanostructure, adjustable surface chemistry, high intrinsic thermal conductivity, and wideband light absorption spectra. Consequently, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments, examining the fabrication strategies for MXene-based composite PCMs and outlining how these materials enhance energy storage and heat conversion while addressing the fundamental limitations of classical PCMs. Finally, this study sums up the latest applications of MXene/PCM composites in the field of thermal management.