Nanozymes in Personalized Medicine: A Review of the Potential for Tailored Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Nanozymes are artificial nanoparticles similar to enzymes. They have received exceptional interest in personalized medicine. This is because of their superior characteristics such as stability, tunability, and multifunctionality. The purpose of the review is to explore the opportunities of nanozymes to transform global healthcare systems into individually tailored diagnostic and therapeutic tools. They can be point-of-care diagnostics, biosensing, delivery of targeted drugs, and provide specific-dose therapy. Nanozymes identify biomarkers in a very sensitive and specific manner. This enables the diagnosis at the early stages of a disease. The use of nanozymes also offers new therapeutic approaches. They are used in drug delivery systems and provide solutions for different ailments such as cancer, immune-related diseases, or neurodegenerative disorders. Although nanozymes find increased applications, several issues arise with their use. These are biocompatibility, potential toxicity, mass production, and regulatory issues. Such shortcomings confine their clinical translation. These issues are important to address to use nanozymes in personalized healthcare. This is possible through critical analysis and up-to-date material design. This review includes the latest developments, possible applications, and issues. It also mentions how nanozymes could have a promising role in next-generation medicine.