Intégrer les panneaux photovoltaïques sans compromettre le paysage : un défi esthétique et social

The energy transition requires a large-scale deployment of photovoltaics, whose landscape integration is a key challenge. Ground-mounted and building-integrated solar plants reshape territorial perception, sometimes raising fears of landscape degradation or visual uniformity. Yet, they also represent an opportunity to rethink landscapes in the context of ecological transition. This thesis explores the conditions for a harmonious integration, balancing energy efficiency, quality of life, and social acceptance. The case study carried out within CCMM develops three main perspectives: assessing the visual and environmental impacts of solar installations, analyzing local stakeholders’ expectations regarding landscape quality and social value, and proposing innovative design approaches. Results highlight the importance of a contextual approach: prioritizing already anthropized sites, using adapted materials, integrating vegetation, preserving heritage values, and fostering public participation. Examples such as agrivoltaics, energy land art, and building-integrated photovoltaics show that solar panels can support biodiversity, embody cultural meaning, and strengthen territorial identity. In conclusion, integrating photovoltaics requires projects that combine technical innovation, ecological responsibility and social dialogue, making solar energy a driver of sustainable territorial development.