Association of claudin-5 and lipid profile with the increased risk factor of heart disease in Iraqi patients with celiac disease

Grain gluten hypersensitivity causes celiac disease (CD), a chronic immune-mediated illness that affects those with a genetic predisposition. The function of claudin-5(Cldn5) is compromised in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammation illnesses, and it is in control of setting the properties of tight junctions (TJs) in the blood-brain barrier seal. The purpose of this research was to examine the assessment of serum Cldn5 levels, lipid profiles, and Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) among Iraqi patients suffering from CD. The present study includes 57 healthy controls (female=35, male=22) with an age range between (5 to 55 years) and 100 patients with CD (female=51, male=49) and the duration of the disease ranges from (1-10 years) who do not follow a gluten-free diet. The findings showed that blood levels of Cldn5, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and AIP were significantly (p<0.05) elevated. A positive correlation was found between Cldn5 with cholesterol and LDL-C in both female and male groups (p<0.05). The correlation finding may have a role in increasing values of AIP and is thought to be a risk factor linked to a higher chance of heart disease and atherosclerosis in patients with CD as compared with a healthy control group.