Safety operation strategies for charging stations considering energy storage characteristics

As a new form of energy supply that integrates the charging and consumption of new energy, the electricity-hydrogen charging station has broad prospects to achieve clean energy. However, safety issues have hindered the further commercialization of electric-hydrogen charging stations. To this end, this paper proposes a safe operation strategy for the electricity-hydrogen charging station of the gas–solid two-phase hydrogen storage system, reducing the risk of hydrogen energy utilization by optimizing the configuration of the hydrogen storage form. First, considering the interaction force between hydrogen atoms, a non-ideal gas pressure formula based on the compression factor is proposed to accurately describe the nonlinear pressure growth in the hydrogen storage tank. Second, the trinitrotoluene equivalent method and the half-lethal range are introduced to quantify the safety risks associated with hydrogen storage tanks. Safety constraint conditions and quantitative control indicators are then established to provide safety boundaries and guidance for decision-making in the optimization model. Finally, the original metal hydrogen storage model is simplified and approximated to construct a hydrogen form transformation model from the perspective of the power grid. The results show that when metal hydrogen storage accounts for 20%–30% of the total hydrogen storage capacity, the optimal safe operation effect of the electric-hydrogen charging station is achieved.