Bioactivity-guided isolation of the major anthocyanin fromLycium ruthenicumMurr. fruit and its antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effectsin vitroandin vivo

-carboxymethyllysine (CML)-treated Neuro-2a cells by enhancing cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. CML-induced apoptosis was also reduced by Pn3G5G potentially by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. More importantly, Pn3G5G significantly improved cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in D-galactose-induced aging mice. The result suggests the development of Pn3G5G as a healthcare product or a potent dietary supplement with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.