Differential Gut Microbiota Compositions Related With the Severity of Major Depressive Disorder

Objective Increasing evidence shows a close relationship between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD), but the specific mechanisms remain unknown. This study was conducted to explore differential gut microbiota compositions related to the severity of MDD. Methods Healthy controls (HC) (n = 131) and MDD patients (n = 130) were included. MDD patients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score <25 and ≥25 were assigned into moderate (n = 72) and severe (n = 58) MDD groups, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the gut microbiota compositions at the genus level. Results Thirty-six and 27 differential genera were identified in moderate and severe MDD patients, respectively. The differential genera in moderate and severe MDD patients mainly belonged to three (Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota) and two phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidota), respectively. One specific covarying network from phylum Actinobacteriota was identified in moderate MDD patients. In addition, five genera ( Collinsella , Eggerthella , Alistipes , Faecalibacterium , and Flavonifractor ) from the shared differential genera by two MDD groups had a fair efficacy in diagnosing MDD from HC (AUC = 0.786). Conclusions Our results were helpful for further exploring the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression and developing objective diagnostic methods for MDD.