Characterization of temperature dependence of dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics

BaTiO 3 was the first lead-free piezoelectric material used to fabricate piezoelectric devices. However, there are no published results describing the temperature dependence of the full matrix material constants of BaTiO 3 ceramics, which is important for the fabrication of devices based on these materials. In this study, the temperature dependence of the elastic and piezoelectric properties of a BaTiO 3 ceramic sample from 20 °C to 80 °C was determined using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. The clamped dielectric constants in the temperature range from 20 °C to 80 °C were measured using an impedance analyzer. The self-consistency of the results was guaranteed because only one sample was used in the entire characterization procedure. In addition, the reliability of the results was confirmed by comparing the directly measured free dielectric constants ε 11 T and ε 33 T and electric impedance spectra with those calculated using the complete sets of constants obtained in this study.