Propagation characteristics of the Kummer beam in turbulence with an anisotropic tilt angle

Different from prevailing assumptions, turbulence cells display anisotropic tilt angles, rendering the environment in optical communication significantly more complex. In light of this, we develop expressions for the spatial coherence radius and the detection probability of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of the Kummer beam in turbulence with an anisotropic tilt angle. Through our investigation into the impact of various angles on optical communication, we identify suitable angles for mitigating the effects of atmospheric turbulence. Our findings indicate that when the zenith angle is equal to the anisotropic tilt angle and the azimuth angle is π , the disturbance of turbulence on the detection probability of OAM states is relatively weak. In slant paths, the variability in turbulence cells’ scales with altitude, particularly the inner scale, cannot be ignored. Consequently, a peak value emerges in the OAM detection probability owing to the variation of inner scales with altitude. Furthermore, the exponent of the amplitude factor and the logarithmic axicon parameter of the Kummer beam exhibit a significant impact on the received signal, especially at short propagation distances. We also investigate some other parameters of the turbulence and Kummer beam to enhance our comprehension of the propagation characteristics of a Kummer beam in a slant path. Overall, our results have practical implications in wireless optical communication systems such as remote sensing and radar communications.