[Progress of schistosomiasis control in People's Republic of China in 2022].

This report presented the endemic status of schistosomiasis and analyzed the data collected from the national schistosomiasis prevention and control system and national schistosomiasis surveillance program in the People's Republic of China in 2022. Among the 12 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) endemic for schistosomiasis, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to maintain the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces maintained the criteria of transmission control by the end of 2022. A total of 452 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2022, with 27 434 endemic villages covering 73 424 400 people at risk of infections. Among the 452 endemic counties (cities, districts), 75.89% (343/452), 23.45% (106/452) and 0.66% (3/452) achieved the criteria of elimination, transmission interruption and transmission control of schistosomiasis, respectively. In 2022, 4 317 356 individuals received serological tests for schistosomiasis, and 62 228 were sero-positive. A total of 208 646 individuals received stool examinations for schistosomiasis, with one positive and another two cases positive for urine microscopy, and these three 3 cases were imported schistosomiasis patients from Africa. There were 28 565 cases with advanced schistosomiasis documented in China by the end of 2022. Oncomelania hupensis snail survey was performed in 18 891 endemic villages in China in 2022 and O. hupensis snails were found in 6 917 villages (36.62% of all surveyed villages), with 8 villages identified with emerging snail habitats. Snail survey was performed at an area of 655 703.01 hm2 and 183 888.60 hm2 snail habitats were found, including 110.58 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 844.35 hm2 re-emerging snail habitats. There were 477 200 bovines raised in the schistosomiasis endemic areas of China in 2022, and 113 946 bovines received serological examinations for schistosomiasis, with 204 sero-positives detected. Among the 131 715 bovines received stool examinations, no positives were identified. In 2022, there were 19 726 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and expanded chemotherapy was performed in 714 465 person-time for humans and 234 737 herd-time for bovines in China. In 2022, snail control with chemical treatment was performed at an area of 119 134.07 hm2, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65 825.27 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed at an area of 1 163.96 hm2. Data from the national schistosomiasis surveillance program of China showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections was both zero in humans and bovines in 2022, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in O. hupensis snails. These data demonstrated that the endemic status of schistosomiasis continued to decline in China in 2022, with 3 confirmed schistosomiasis patients that had a foreign nationality and all imported from Africa, and the areas of snail habitats remained high. Further improvements in the construction of the schistosomaisis surveillance and forecast system, and reinforcement of O. hupensis survey and control are required to prevent the re-emerging schistosomiasis.［摘要］ 本文通报2022年全国血吸虫病疫情概况, 并对全国血吸虫病防治和监测工作数据进行汇总和分析。截至2022 年底, 全国12个血吸虫病流行省 (直辖市、自治区) 中, 上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等5个省 (直辖市、自治区) 继续维持血 吸虫病消除状态, 四川、江苏省继续维持传播阻断标准, 云南、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等5个省维持传播控制标准。全国 共有452个血吸虫病流行县 (市、区)、27 434个流行村, 流行村总人口7 342.44万人; 452个流行县 (市、区) 中, 343个 (75.89%) 达到血吸虫病消除标准、106个 (23.45%) 达到传播阻断标准、3个 (0.66%) 达到传播控制标准。2022年, 全国累 计开展血吸虫病血检查病4 317 356人, 阳性62 228人; 开展粪检查病208 646人, 阳性1人, 另有2例尿液镜检阳性者, 3例 均为非洲输入血吸虫病病例。2022年, 全国尚存晚期血吸虫病患者28 565例。全国共有18 891个流行村开展了钉螺分布调 查, 6 917个村查出钉螺, 占调查总数的36.62%, 新查出有螺村8个; 累计查螺655 703.01 hm2, 查出有螺面积183 888.60 hm2, 其中新发现有螺面积110.58 hm2、复现钉螺面积844.35 hm2。血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛477 200头, 累计血检查病 113 946头, 阳性204头; 粪检查病131 715头, 未发现粪检阳性耕牛。2022年, 全国累计治疗血吸虫病患者19 726例, 扩大 化疗714 465人·次, 扩大化疗耕牛234 737头·次; 累计开展药物灭螺总面积119 134.07 hm2, 实际药物灭螺65 825.27 hm2, 环境改造灭螺1 163.96 hm2。2022年全国血吸虫病监测结果显示, 居民和耕牛血吸虫感染率均为0, 未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示, 2022年全国血吸虫病疫情持续向低, 3例确诊病例均为非洲输入外籍血吸虫病患者, 钉螺面积居高 不下; 需继续完善血吸虫病监测预警体系建设、加强钉螺监测与控制, 防止疫情反弹。.