Advances in chitosan-based drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review for therapeutic applications

Chitosan (CS), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer produced from chitin, has attracted interest in drug delivery due to its unique properties and diverse applications. Over the past decade, chitosan-based devices have been developed for targeted and regulated drug delivery. This review discusses current advances in chitosan-based drug delivery, focusing on formulations, methods and applications. Films, hydrogels, microparticles and CS nanoparticles transport tiny molecules (drugs, or other chemical agents), proteins, peptides and nucleic acids, according to research. The mucoadhesive properties of CS improve the absorption of drugs on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and eyes. The study also highlights the theranostic potential of CH-based devices that combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities. The study also looks at the latest advances in customized and stimuli-responsive delivery of CH-based drugs. Despite tremendous progress, consistency of drug release and reduction in immunogenicity remain a concern. As research continues into innovative modifications, nanotechnologies and theranostic techniques to improve CH-based drug delivery systems, the future appears promising. This review examines current advances in chitosan-based drug delivery and their likely impact on personalised medicine and targeted therapy.