Penehyclidine hydrochloride alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress via ROS/Nrf2/HO-1 activation in RAW264.7 cells

Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system to harmful stimuli. Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PCH) can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in animal models, but there is a lack of cellular evidence.