Angular uniformity improvement of diffractive waveguide display based on region geometry optimization

Augmented reality (AR) near-eye displays have significantly progressed due to advances in nanostructure fabrication. However, for diffractive waveguide AR displays requiring exit pupil expansion, the angular uniformity of each exit pupil position still needs to improve. In this paper, an angular uniformity improvement method based on region geometry optimization is proposed. This optimization method essentially introduces the interaction number of the light with the grating as one of the variables to manipulate the energy distribution. This distribution is obtained by the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) method and ray tracing process and is further optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. A model is built, and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified. The diffractive waveguide system has a 10mm×10mm exit pupil size at the eye relief of 25 mm and a field of view (FOV) of 21 ∘ ×12 ∘ . After the optimization, the overall optical efficiency of the central field and the angular uniformity at the center exit pupil position increased from 0.9% and 66% to 3.1% and 80%, respectively.