Dopamine-Grafted Ta-Loaded Sa/Cs Hydrogel Promotes Mandible Repair

Aim or purpose: This study aims to explore the optimal composite strategy of chondroitin sulfate (CS), dopamine (DA), tannic acid (TA), and sodium alginate (SA) to develop a mechanically robust hydrogel for mandibular bone repair. The composite material is designed to provide sufficient mechanical support while enhancing osteogenic activity. Materials and methods: The synergistic osteogenic effect of the incorporation of chondroitin sulfate, dopamine, and tannic acid was evaluated through CCK-8 assays, alkaline phosphatase activity detection in cells, alizarin red staining, PCR analysis, histological examination, and radiological detection. Results: The addition of dopamine enhanced the mechanical properties of the material. The release of tannic acid promoted the osteogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells. The hydrogel material exhibited the ability to facilitate mandibular defect repair and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in SD rats. Conclusions: The DA-grafted SA/CS hydrogel loaded with TA demonstrates dual functionality—mechanical reinforcement and osteoimmunomodulation—making it a promising candidate for craniofacial bone repair