Synergistic effect of residual sugar on freeze–thaw stability of high internal phase emulsions using glycosylated cod protein as interface stabilizer

Nowadays, glycosylated protein seems to be one of the most effective stabilizers for preparing freeze-thaw stabile emulsion; nevertheless, few papers mentioned the relationship between the residual free sugars after the glycosylation reaction and the freeze-thaw stability of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Herein, glucose was used to prepare glycosylated cod proteins (GCPs). The synergistic effect was related to the grafting degree of GCP, and the amount of glucose added to prepare freeze-thaw stable HIPEs was reduced from 20% to 4% when the grafting degree of GCP increased from 0% to 31.58% (i.e. 12% GCP). This might be due to fewer ice crystals forming in water phase or less destruction of emulsion droplets by ice crystals. The obtained results in this study will allow developing freeze-thaw stable HIPEs or new frozen ingredients.