The interaction of an effector protein Hap secreted by Aeromonas salmonicida and myofibrillar protein of meat: Possible mechanisms from structural changes to sites of molecular docking

Microbial spoilage of meat products is a significant problem in the food industry. Aeromonas salmonicida is a significant microorganism responsible for spoilage in chilled meat. Its effector protein, hemagglutinin protease (Hap), has been identified as an effective substance for degrading meat proteins. The ability of Hap to hydrolyze myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in vitro demonstrated that Hap has obvious proteolytic activity, which could alter MPs' tertiary structure, secondary structure, and sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, Hap could significantly degrade MPs, focusing primarily on myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin. Active site analysis and molecular docking revealed that the active center of Hap was bound to MPs via hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. It may preferentially cleave peptide bonds between Gly44-Val45 in actin, and Ala825-Phe826 in MHC. These findings suggest that Hap may be involved in the spoilage mechanism of microorganisms and provide crucial insights into the mechanisms of meat spoilage induced by bacteria.