All-Day, All-Weather Desalination Using a Contactless Evaporator with Antisalt Fouling Property

for 3.5 wt % salt water respectively with and without 1 sun illumination for a long period of time without any salt fouling, demonstrating its all-day, all-weather capability. The proposed contactless ISSG evaporator can resolve the impractical issue of conventional ISSG-based evaporators owing to irregular weather conditions and salt fouling issues while also promoting zero liquid discharge-based salt harvesting.