Novel synthesized, characterization and in vitro toxicological evaluation of amino acid-based-cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs)

Surface modifications improve the properties of nanomaterials and make them more appropriate for various applications. Various materials are used for surface modification of cerium nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs); however, there is no modification process of cerium with glutamic acid. This study focused on the preparation of L-glutamic acid-coated CeO2 NPs and reveal its potential toxicity depending on the characteristic properties. Characterization analysis was performed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ZETA sizer/potential and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In vitro toxicities of CeO2 NPs and Glu-CeO2 NPs were investigated by using WST-1 (2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt), hemolysis and HET-CAM (Hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane) tests. Both NPs-group were determined to be non- cytotoxic on L929 and MCF-10A cell lines, but slightly decrease the viability of A549 and MCF-7 cells after 24 exposure. Glu-CeO2 NPs increased cell migration in MCF-10A cell line but inhibited in A549 cells. In contrast to CeO2 NPs, Glu-CeO2 NPs reduced oxidative stress and hemolysis rate. CeO2 NP was caused lysis after 0.5nd min, while Glu-CeO2 NPs didn't exhibit any irritation effect. This is the first report on the synthesis of Glu-CeO2 NPs. This formulation may be used in drug delivery systems due to its potential to reduce toxicity of CeO2 NPs.