Diversity and functional roles of endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms in Ophioglossum vulgatum L.: implications for bioactive compound synthesis

The diversity and abundance of microbial communities in O. vulgatum exhibited tissue-specific and rhizosphere-dependent variations, with distinct patterns strongly correlating to bioactive compound accumulation. Notably, biomarker taxa including Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota demonstrated robust microbe-metabolite interactions, suggesting their critical regulatory role in biosynthesis pathways. These findings establish endophytic-rhizospheric microbiota as key biosynthetic modulators, proposing innovative approaches for enhancing phytochemical production through targeted microbial community manipulation.