New trend in molecular diagnostics: Insights from the tumor microenvironment

Abstract Molecular diagnosis has revolutionized cancer precision medicine. However, therapeutic resistance, recurrence, and metastasis remain critical challenges, since conventional diagnostic patterns mainly focus on molecular alterations of tumor cells while overlooking other important factors, thus leading to limited guidance for clinical decision‐making. The critical role of tumor microenvironment (TME) has been well recognized in recent years. Therefore, establishing diagnostic systems based on TME molecular signatures represents a promising strategy. This review outlines the evidence in support of TME‐derived molecules as potential biomarkers, and details their biological functions and clinical significance. Emerging molecular analytical technologies, scoring models, and subtyping frameworks for TME assessment are also summarized. Finally, current challenges and future directions in the field of TME‐based molecular diagnostics are discussed to provide valuable insights for this new trend.