Challenges associated with the modeling of large-scale PTES - literature review

Over the years pit thermal energy storages have been designated as a one of the most efficient and low-cost for large-scale and long-term storages in district heating systems. Due to their robust construction and size experimental investigations of PTES is significantly challenging. Hence, modeling approach is most suitable for analyzing PTES performance and influence in the district heating systems. This paper provides an overview of the key factors and challenges influencing the modeling process and performance of the PTES. The review showed that obtaining stable thermal stratification is crucial for efficiency of the storage. Further, reducing heat losses to the surroundings and minimizing impact of groundwater showed beneficial for the storage efficiency. Finally, the research and findings presented in the paper will be used for the developing numerical and CFD model for 869,829 m³ PTES in Novi Sad.