Critical care nurses’ experiences of ethical challenges in end-of-life care

BACKGROUND: In Swedish intensive care units, nine percent of patients do not survive despite receiving advanced life-sustaining treatments. As these patients transition to end-of-life care, ethical considerations may become paramount. AIM: To explore the ethical challenges that critical care nurses encounter when caring for patients at the end of life in an intensive care context. RESEARCH DESIGN: The study used a qualitative approach with an interpretive descriptive design. RESEARCH CONTEXT AND PARTICIPANTS: Twenty critical care nurses from eight intensive care units in an urban region in Sweden were interviewed, predominately women with a median age of fifty-one years. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study was approved by The Swedish Ethics Review Authority. FINDINGS: Critical care nurses described encountering ethical challenges when life-sustaining treatments persisted to patients with minimal survival prospects and when administering pain-relieving medications that could inadvertently hasten patients' deaths. Challenges also arose when patients expressed a desire to withdraw life-sustaining treatments despite the possibility of recovery, or when family members wanted to shield patients from information about a poor prognosis; these wishes occasionally conflicted with healthcare guidelines. The critical care nurses also encountered ethical challenges when caring for potential organ donors, highlighting the balance between organ preservation and maintaining patient dignity. CONCLUSION: Critical care nurses encountered ethical challenges when caring for patients at the end of life. They described issues ranging from life-sustaining treatments and administration of pain-relief, to patient preferences and organ donation considerations. Addressing these ethical challenges is essential for delivering compassionate person-centered care, and supporting family members during end-of-life care in an intensive care context.