Exploring Astaxanthin-loaded Nanoformulations for Skin Targeting: Present Progress and Prospective Directions

This comprehensive review provides information on astaxanthin-loaded topical nanocarrier- based formulations for targeted skin enhancement. Astaxanthin, a potent carotenoid derived from microalgae, has garnered considerable attention for its multifaceted potential in skincare, particularly when incorporated into nanocarriers. These nanocarriers, like nanoemulsions, micelles, hydrogels and nanoparticles, have revolutionized the field of dermatology by providing innovative solutions to overcome the limitations associated with astaxanthin's solubility and stability. Astaxanthin's exceptional antioxidant properties, including its ability to neutralize free radicals within both lipid and aqueous environments, make it a compelling bioactive ingredient for combatting oxidative stress, a central contributor to skin aging and various dermatological conditions. The nanoscale size of these carriers facilitates enhanced skin penetration, controlled release, and improved bioavailability, thereby augmenting astaxanthin's therapeutic efficacy. This review meticulously explores the mechanistic insights behind astaxanthin's enhanced delivery and its multifaceted benefits, including photoprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and wound healing properties. The diverse applications of astaxanthin-loaded nanocarriers in skincare, spanning anti-aging formulations, UV protection, scar healing, and wound repair, are elucidated. Safety considerations are also addressed, drawing from an extensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies. The review provides valuable insights into optimal concentrations, formulation strategies, and regulatory aspects governing astaxanthin-loaded nanocarriers in skincare products.