Rapid Distance-Based Cardiac Troponin Quantification Using Paper Analytical Devices for the Screening and the Follow-Up of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Using a Single Drop of Human Whole Blood

= 0.9989) of TnI, with a detection limit as low as 0.025 ng/mL by use of an observation just using the naked eye. To validate the clinical utilities of our proposed method, our dPADs were then applied for the detection of TnI in humans using the whole blood sample of 15 volunteers. A great amount of accuracy was required in this assay because there was no significant difference between both methods, with the confidence level being as high as 95%. This technique also showed that the recoveries ranged from 99.40 to 104.27%, with the highest relative standard deviation being at 3.77%. Thus, our proposed dPADs offer more benefits for a rapid TnI determination.